Classification
Grading machine (ore processing core grading equipment)
A classifier is a device that separates slurry/powder into coarse particles (return sand/settling sand) and fine particles (overflow) based on particle size and density differences under the action of water flow/air flow/centrifugal force. Its core uses include closed-loop circulation with ball mills, control of grinding particle size, desliming, concentration, and pre selection.
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A classifier is a device that separates slurry/powder into coarse particles (return sand/settling sand) and fine particles (overflow) based on particle size and density differences under the action of water flow/air flow/centrifugal force. Its core uses include closed-loop circulation with ball mills, control of grinding particle size, desliming, concentration, and pre selection.
1、 Mainstream wet classifier (most commonly used for mineral processing)
1. Spiral classifier (gravity settling type, main coarse particle classifier)
Structure: Tilted U-shaped groove, spiral shaft (single/double), transmission, overflow weir, sand return port Principle: The slurry enters the groove, coarse and heavy particles settle at the bottom of the groove, and are pushed to the upper end by the spiral blades for discharge (sand return, return to the ball mill for further grinding); Fine and light particles flow out of the overflow weir with the rising water flow (qualified overflow). Classification:
● High weir type: The overflow weir is higher than the upper end of the spiral, suitable for 0.15~0.8mm coarse particle grading and one-stage grinding
● Submerged: Spiral fully immersed slurry, suitable for 0.074-0.15mm fine particles, two-stage grinding, and desliming. Suitable for beneficiation of iron, copper, gold, tungsten, tin, etc., closed circuit with ball mill, coarse particle classification, and stable sand return
2. Hydrocyclone (centrifugal settling type, preferred for high efficiency of fine particles)
● Structure: cylindrical+conical body, tangential feeding pipe, overflow pipe, bottom outlet (sand settling nozzle)
● Principle: The slurry is pressurized and enters tangentially, and high-speed rotation generates strong centrifugal force; Coarse/heavy particles are thrown towards the wall of the device and slide down along the conical wall to be discharged from the bottom flow; Fine/light particles rise with the internal vortex and are discharged from the central overflow pipe
● Features: No moving parts, small size, large processing capacity, high grading accuracy (0.01~0.3mm), easy to wear, requiring a matching sand pump
● Applicable: two-stage/regrinding, fine particle classification, tailings concentration, desliming, coal slurry classification, with a clear trend of replacing spiral classifiers
3. Other wet classifiers
● Rake classifier: coarse particles, large processing capacity, now rarely used
● Centrifugal classifier (horizontal spiral centrifuge): fine mud (<0.045mm), high concentration, dehydration
2、 Dry classifier (powder/dry beneficiation)
● Turbine airflow classifier: high-speed rotor rotation, centrifugal+airflow classification, fine classification of 3-150 μ m, used for non-metallic minerals, chemicals, and building materials
● Gravity classifier (settling box, airflow screen): coarse powder, simple classification
3、 Key points of selection (comparison of commonly used mineral processing)
Table
| Equipment | Grading granularity | Advantage | Disadvantage | Typical scenario |
| High weir spiral classifier | 0.15~0.8mm | Stable, controllable sand return, easy to maintain | Large land occupation and low efficiency | One stage grinding and coarse particle grading |
| Sinking spiral classifier | 0.074~0.15mm | Fine particle stability and good desliming | Average efficiency, high energy consumption | Two stage grinding and fine particle classification |
| Hydrocyclone | 0.01~0.3mm | Efficient, small footprint, high precision | Fast wear and tear, requiring pump pressure, and large fluctuations | Second stage/regrinding, fine particle, concentration |
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